生命周期评价(Life Cycle Assessment,LCA)是评价产品、工艺或活动“摇篮到坟墓”即从资源开采到最终处理的整个生命周期环境影响的方法。ISO给它的定义是Compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle.
生命周期评价技术框架
生命周期评价包括了前期的确定目标和范围(Goal and scope definition)、收集并列出生命周期清单(Life cycle inventory)、建模进行生命周期影响评价(Life cycle impact assessment)以及最终的结果阐释(Interpretation)四个部分。
“Material flow analysis (MFA) is a systematic assessment of the flows and stocks of materials within a system defined in space and time.”——Brunner and Rechberger, 2004
